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拍攝他人

在法國拍攝他人：可以拍嗎？可以發布嗎？

這是一般性資訊，不是法律建議。每一句陳述都連結到原始來源。核對日期：2026-10-17。

本頁尚未翻譯，目前顯示英文版，也就是對照所連結來源核對過的版本。

在公共場所拍攝是允許的；依據《民法典》第 9 條，發布被特別拍攝、可辨識的人物需要其同意，新聞、人群及公眾人物屬於例外。

可以在公共場所拍人嗎？

France has no statute that forbids filming in the street. The key rule is Article 9 Code civil (the Civil Code): "Chacun a droit au respect de sa vie privée" (everyone has the right to respect for their private life). The droit à l'image (right to one's image) rests on it: a person may refuse the reproduction or distribution of their image (CNIL). The official public-information service says that in a public place consent is only needed if the person is "isolé et reconnaissable" (singled out and recognisable); a street scene or a group where nobody is individualised needs no consent (service-public.fr, Droit à l'image).

Private places are different. Article 226-1 Code pénal (the Criminal Code) makes it an offence to record or transmit the image of a person in a private place without their consent, punishable by one year in prison and a 45,000 euro fine; if the recording was made openly and the person did not object when they could have, consent is presumed (Code pénal, art. 226-1). The regulator says camera glasses are in principle subject to the GDPR and that users must respect the privacy of anyone whose image or voice they capture (CNIL, lunettes connectées, May 2026). Fixed home cameras may only film your own property, not the public road (CNIL, caméras chez soi).

可以發布嗎？

Publishing is where consent matters. The official public-information service says you need a person's written agreement to use an image in which they are recognisable; consent to being filmed is not consent to publication, and the agreement should state the medium, purpose and duration (service-public.fr). The droit à l'image is limited by the right to information, freedom of expression and artistic freedom: images of a news event or a public demonstration, of a public figure in their functions, or illustrating a historical subject may be published without consent, as long as dignity is respected and the use is not commercial (service-public.fr). Press publications also sit under the loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse (the Press Freedom Act).

The GDPR applies too: an image of an identifiable person is personal data (CNIL), and uploading a recording to the internet needs a legal basis such as consent under Art. 6(1)(a) GDPR (EDPB Guidelines 3/2019). Someone shown can ask the site to erase the image and, after a month without result, complain to the CNIL or go to court (CNIL).

Criminal law also covers spreading: using or publishing a recording made in breach of Article 226-1 carries the same penalty as the recording itself, and for images of a sexual nature the penalty rises to two years and 60,000 euros, including when the image was taken with consent but spread without it (Code pénal, art. 226-2 and 226-2-1).

涉及兒童時有什麼不同？

For a minor, written authorisation from the parents or legal representative is mandatory before a third party publishes the image, with no exception for schools and every family agreeing for a group (service-public.fr). The loi n° 2024-120 du 19 février 2024 added Article 372-1 to the Code civil: parents protect their child's image jointly and must involve the child according to age and maturity. The same law lets a family judge, if the parents disagree, bar one parent from posting any content about the child without the other's consent (Sénat, la loi en clair; CNIL, partage de photos de votre enfant). The regulator notes that courts already treated posting a child's photos as an act needing both parents' agreement, advises against public sharing and recommends hiding faces (CNIL). For filming a minor in a private place, Article 226-1 Code pénal says consent must come from the holders of parental authority (Code pénal, art. 226-1).

Children under 16 who are the main subject of videos on online platforms fall under a separate 2020 law on the commercial use of their image, with its own approval and declaration duties (service-public.fr).

私人使用與公開發布

Art. 2(2)(c) GDPR excludes "purely personal or household" activity, and the EU regulators' example is a tourist who films on holiday and shows the footage to friends, as opposed to publishing it to an indefinite number of people (EDPB Guidelines 3/2019). A private camera escapes data protection rules only if it stays within the strictly private sphere (CNIL, caméras chez soi).

The droit à l'image attaches to reproduction and distribution (service-public.fr), so disputes arise when you publish. In a private place, Article 226-1 Code pénal covers the recording itself.

模糊人臉會改變什麼

Under the droit à l'image, consent is needed when the person is recognisable (service-public.fr), so blurring that genuinely makes someone unrecognisable removes the trigger. For the GDPR, anonymisation must make identification practically impossible and irreversible (no singling out, linking or inference); where it is met, "la législation relative à la protection des données ne s'applique plus" (CNIL, l'anonymisation de données personnelles).

Blurring a face alone rarely meets that standard: the CNIL treats reversible pseudonymisation as still personal data (CNIL) and recommends hiding faces as a risk-reduction step (CNIL). Voice, a name in the caption, tattoos, clothing, the place and file metadata can still identify a person.

法律尚無定論之處

The droit à l'image has no article of its own: the CNIL describes it as the right to private life under Article 9 Code civil (CNIL). So there is no statutory test of when a person is "isolé et reconnaissable" (service-public.fr); it depends on the facts of each image. Where private sharing ends and publication begins under the household exemption is an overall assessment, not a fixed audience size (EDPB Guidelines 3/2019).

資料來源

不論你拍攝地點的規定如何，發布前先模糊那些未取得同意的人臉，是最簡單的保險做法。Anonimo 直接在你的 iPhone 上處理，不會上傳影片。

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